Question 1

Why is the current global state described as a "unipolar delusion" or an "interregnum"?

Accepted Answer

The "unipolar delusion" refers to the period following the Cold War when the United States was the sole "hyperpower," leading to an assumption that Western values and the rules-based order were the permanent, universal destination for all nations. This created a trap of certainty where leaders believed economic integration, such as bringing China into the WTO, would naturally lead to political liberalization. The world is now in an "interregnum"—a transitional period where the old U.S.-led order is fading and the world is becoming more "entropic" or chaotic, but a new, credible global system has not yet been established to replace it.

Question 2

How has the concept of national borders changed in recent years?

Accepted Answer

After decades of focusing on a "borderless world" driven by globalization, there has been a massive psychological shift back toward territory and "sacred soil." This is evidenced by the rise in interstate conflicts over land, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and disputes in the South China Sea. Modern geopolitics is increasingly defined by a "geography of resentment," where leaders reject international law in favor of historical claims to homelands. This shift has forced a move away from global governance toward "minilateral" regional security groups, like AUKUS or the Quad, as nations draw literal and figurative lines in the sand to protect their interests.

Question 3

What is "multi-alignment" and how does it differ from "non-alignment"?

Accepted Answer

While "non-alignment" was a Cold War-era strategy of staying out of great power conflicts, "multi-alignment" is a sophisticated modern strategy used by middle powers like India, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia to engage with all sides simultaneously. These nations refuse to pick a single side, instead turning their strategic assets—like minerals or geography—into bargaining chips to get the best deals from the U.S., China, and Russia. This approach shifts the global dynamic from a "rules-based" mindset to a "deal-based" or "contractual" mindset, where cooperation is determined by immediate national interest and return on investment rather than shared ideological values.

Question 4

What role does Artificial Intelligence play in the current struggle for global hegemony?

Accepted Answer

AI is viewed as the "strategic accelerator" and the primary infrastructure of future power, impacting everything from economic competitiveness to military surveillance. Unlike the multipolar political world, technology is moving toward a "bipolarity" or a "Digital Iron Curtain," where nations must choose between competing ecosystems—typically American market-led models or Chinese state-controlled models. This race for "AI supremacy" creates new risks, such as "Mutually Assured AI Malfunction" (MAIM) and the use of generative AI for "epistemic hegemony," where the ability to shape narratives and define reality becomes a weaponized tool of national dominance.

Question 5

How is conflict mediation changing as international institutions like the UN face gridlock?

Accepted Answer

As grand architectures like the UN Security Council and the WTO become less functional, peace-making has shifted toward "pragmatic peace" led by middle-power mediators like Qatar and Turkey. These new brokers focus on "deal-driven" mediation and "quick fixes" like ceasefires rather than long-term democratic norms or transitional justice. This is mirrored by the U.S. shift toward "unfettered power" and "minilateralism," exemplified by initiatives like the "Board of Peace," which prioritizes specific security demands and transactional outcomes over the constraints of traditional international law.

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