The Neurobiology of Stress: HPA Axis and the Stress Response Cycle

22 min

Explore the neurobiology of stress and the HPA axis. Learn how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland trigger the stress response cycle to manage perceived threats.

The Neurobiology of Stress: HPA Axis and the Stress Response Cycle

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[6] Mood Disorders (Compressed).pdf
[6] Mood Disorders and the Neurotransmitter Networks-NE and GABA (Compressed).pdf
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Input question

Provide a detailed review of the neurobiology and pathophysiology of stress for a graduate 'Psychopharmacology for Counselors' lecture. Use the attached PDFs to cover: (1) The normal stress response cycle, including specific brain structures (HPA axis, amygdala, PFC), bodily structures, and chemical messengers (NE, 5HT, GABA, glucocorticoids). (2) Abnormalities from trauma or chronic stress, including brain atrophy (BDNF), epigenetic reprogramming, and allostatic load. (3) Resulting clinical disorders such as mood disorders, bipolar spectrum, and fear-related anxiety/PTSD. Specifically highlight dysregulation in neural circuits interconnecting these regions (e.g., NE regulation of 5HT release, neurotransmitter networks). Use technical but relatable language suitable for counseling professors. Verbatim sources: [6] Mood Disorders (Compressed).pdf, [6] Mood Disorders and the Neurotransmitter Networks-NE and GABA (Compressed).pdf, Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience (STRESS).pdf, Neurobiology of Fear-Anxiety-Trauma.pdf, Neurobiology of Stress.pdf, Social Stress.pdf

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