Question 1

What is the primary difference between an API and a webhook?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental difference lies in the direction of communication, often described as "pull" versus "push." A standard API uses a pull model where the client initiates a request and waits for the server to respond, which can be inefficient if the client has to constantly poll for updates. In contrast, a webhook uses a push model where the server—acting as a publisher—automatically sends data to a pre-registered URL on the client's side the moment a specific event occurs.

Question 2

Why is gRPC preferred for internal microservices over REST?

Accepted Answer

gRPC is considered the "speed demon" of internal communication because it uses binary Protocol Buffers instead of text-based JSON. This binary format is significantly smaller and requires less CPU power to parse, allowing gRPC to handle upwards of 500,000 requests per second compared to the roughly 35,000 typical of REST. Additionally, gRPC utilizes HTTP/2 and features automated code generation, which ensures type-safety and prevents "SDK drift" across different programming languages within a system.

Question 3

How does GraphQL solve the problems of over-fetching and under-fetching?

Accepted Answer

GraphQL shifts the power of data definition from the server to the client. In a REST environment, an endpoint might return a fixed set of 70 fields (over-fetching) or require multiple calls to different URLs to get related data (under-fetching). GraphQL allows the client to send a specific "shopping list" query, requesting only the exact fields and nested resources needed in a single round-trip, which saves bandwidth and improves performance for mobile and web frontends.

Question 4

What is the "Trigger-Enrich-Reconcile" pattern in API design?

Accepted Answer

This is a hybrid integration strategy used to ensure both speed and reliability. A webhook acts as the "Trigger" by providing a near-instant notification that an event happened. The system then uses an API to "Enrich" that notification by pulling the full, verified data set from the server. Finally, a scheduled "Reconciliation" layer—such as a nightly batch job—runs to pull all data and ensure no events were missed due to webhook delivery failures or delays.

Question 5

When should a developer choose SOAP over more modern architectures?

Accepted Answer

SOAP remains relevant in 2026 for high-stakes, highly regulated industries like banking, telecommunications, and government. It is chosen when a strict, machine-readable contract is required via a WSDL file, which acts as a legally binding agreement in code. SOAP also offers enterprise-grade security through WS-standards and provides rigorous data validation, making it the "vault" of the API world for complex transactions that require absolute formal structure.

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